@article{kavanagh2019carnivalinfrastructures,
  author = {D Kavanagh and G Miscione},
  title = {Carnival in the global village: Re-imagining information infrastructures},
  abstract = {{\textcopyright}, Published with license by Taylor \& Francis. {\textcopyright} Donncha Kavanagh and Gianluca Miscione. Infrastructures are typically seen as boring and serious, and are routinely depicted using metaphors from transportation. We argue that the carnival is a fruitful metaphor for understanding emerging information infrastructures, as the information age is also the age of the carnival. We distinguish between the ubiquitous or distal carnival and its particular manifestations{\textendash}the proximate carnival{\textendash}both of which are characterized by play, anarchy, dissimulation, vulgar language, and excessive consumption. The article focuses on Bitcoin, which we see as a nascent information infrastructure and an exemplary instance of a proximate carnival. It also considers how the carnival metaphor might help us reimagine our study of the information age.},
  year = {2019},
  booktitle = {Information Society},
  journal = {Information Society},
  volume = {35},
  number = {5},
  pages = {299{\textendash}313},
  month = {Oct},
  issn = {0197-2243},
  doi = {10.1080/01972243.2019.1647321},
  language = {eng},
  key = {kavanagh2019carnivalinfrastructures},
}