@article {1360,
	title = {A Bestiary of Digital Monsters},
	volume = {543},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {177-190},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	isbn = {978-3-030-04090-1},
	issn = {1868-4238},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-04091-8_13},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-04091-8},
	author = {Douglas-Jones, Rachel and Burnett, John Mark and Cohn, Marisa and Gad, Christopher and Hockenhull, Michael and J{\o}rgensen, Bastian and Maguire, James and Ojala, Mace and Winthereik, Brit Ross},
	editor = {Schultze, Ulrike and Aanestad, Margunn and M{\"a}hring, Magnus and {\O}sterlund, Carsten and Riemer, Kai}
}
@article {1328,
	title = {Performing Research Validity: A {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Mangle of Practice{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} Approach},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {201{\textendash}214},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {Mainstream discussions of research validity (truth, significance, objectivity) draw heavily on a certain {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}representational idiom{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} of science [1] that assumes a knowledge{\textendash}reality correspondence. However, for research on practices, rather than nature, such a knowledge-reality distinction is neither feasible nor desirable, as it is at odds with the very notion of a {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}practice{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}. Drawing on Pickering{\textquoteright}s alternative {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}performative idiom{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} for science, and extending it to participatory forms of social research, we propose alternative validity claims for practice-oriented research. Using the example of information infrastructuring practices, we show that the three aspects of validity thus reinterpreted become quite closely related to each other and also to the process of information infrastructuring itself. In so doing, we demonstrate the importance of extending the notion of {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}material agency{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} to embrace the dual agencies of the practice studied and the researcher{\textquoteright}s own disciplinary practice.},
	isbn = {978-3-319-49733-4},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-49733-4_12},
	author = {Johnston, Robert B. and Reimers, Kai and Klein, Stefan},
	editor = {Introna, Lucas and Kavanagh, Donncha and Kelly, S{\'e}amas and Orlikowski, Wanda and Scott, Susan}
}
@proceedings {9999,
	title = {Planet Hunters and Seafloor Explorers: Legitimate Peripheral Participation Through Practice Proxies in Online Citizen Science},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2/2014},
	abstract = {Making the traces of user participation in primary activities visible in online crowdsourced initiatives has been shown to help new users understand the norms of participation but participants do not always have access to others{\textquoteright} work. Through a combination of virtual and trace ethnography we explore how new users in two online citizen science projects engage other traces of activity as a way of compensating. Merging the theory of legitimate peripheral participation with Erickson and Kellogg{\textquoteright}s theory of social translucence we introduce the concept of practice proxies; traces of user activities in online environment that act as resources to orient newcomers towards the norms of practice. Our findings suggest that newcomers seek out practice proxies in the social features of the projects that highlight contextualized and specific characteristics of primary work practice.},
	author = {Gabriel Mugar and {\O}sterlund, Carsten and Katie DeVries Hassman and Kevin Crowston and Corey Brian Jackson}
}
@conference {harvey2013irreductionallyuniversals,
	title = {Irreductionally Real Information Infrastructures: Practices beyond Universals},
	booktitle = {GI_FORUM 2013: CREATING THE GISOCIETY},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {349{\textendash}354},
	publisher = {Salzburg, AUSTRIA},
	organization = {Salzburg, AUSTRIA},
	doi = {10.1553/giscience2013s349},
	author = {Harvey, F and Miscione, G},
	editor = {Jekel, T and Car, A and Strobl, J and Griesebner, G}
}
@proceedings {2013,
	title = {Open Source Software Adoption: A Technological Innovation Perspective},
	year = {2013},
	month = {5/2013},
	address = {Lyon, France},
	abstract = {This research-in-progress aims to indentify the salient factors explaining adoption of open source software (OSS), as a technological innovation. The theoretical background of the paper is based on the technological innovation literature. We choose to focus on the open ERP case, as it is considered as a promising innovation for firms {\textendash} especially medium firms - but open ERP also faces numerous challenges. The paper provides a framework and a method for investigation that has to be implemented.},
	keywords = {open source},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2244222},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Fran{\c c}ois Deltour and Nicolas Jullien}
}
@article {646,
	title = {Sustainability of Open Collaborative Communities: Analyzing Recruitment Efficiency},
	journal = {Technology Innovation Management Review},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {20{\textendash}26},
	publisher = {Talent First Network},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Extensive research has been conducted over the past years to improve our understanding of sustainability conditions for large-scale collaborative projects, especially from an economic and governance perspective. However, the influence of recruitment and retention of participants in these projects has received comparatively less attention from researchers. Nevertheless, these concerns are significant for practitioners, especially regarding the apparently decreasing ability of the main open online projects to attract and retain new contributors. A possible explanation for this decrease is that those projects have simply reached a mature state of development. Marwell and Oliver (1993) and Oliver, Marwell, and Teixeira (1985) note that, at the initial stage in collective projects, participants are few and efforts are costly; in the diffusion phase, the number of participants grows, as their efforts are rewarding; and in the mature phase, some inefficiency may appear as the number of contributors is greater than required for the work. In this article, we examine this possibility. We use original data from 36 Wikipedias in different languages to compare their efficiency in recruiting participants. We chose Wikipedia because the different language projects are at different states of development, but are quite comparable on the other aspects, providing a test of the impact of development on efficiency. Results confirm that most of the largest Wikipedias seem to be characterized by a reduced return to scale. As a result, we can draw interesting conclusions that can be useful for practitioners, facilitators, and managers of collaborative projects in order to identify key factors potentially influencing the adequate development of their communities over the medium-to-long term.},
	keywords = {DEA modeling, efficiency, recruitment, Wikipedia},
	issn = {1927-0321},
	url = {http://timreview.ca/article/646},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Nicolas Jullien and Felipe Ortega}
}
@proceedings {438,
	title = {Is Wikipedia Inefficient? Modelling Effort and Participation in Wikipedia},
	year = {2013},
	month = {1/2013},
	address = {Wailea, HI},
	url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1960696},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Nicolas Jullien and Felipe Ortega}
}
@booklet {duncombe2011reviewernorway,
	title = {Reviewer Institution Irwin Brown University of Cape Town, South Africa Robert Davison City University of Hong Kong Marisa D{\textquoteright}Mello University of Oslo, Norway},
	howpublished = {Information Technology for Development},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {89{\textendash}89},
	author = {Duncombe, R and Grimson, J and Harindranath, G and Hayes, N and Heeks, R and Jolliffe, B and Lotriet, H and Miscione, G and Stanforth, CM and Staring, K}
}
@article {miscione2010free,
	title = {Free and Open Source Software in developing contexts: From open in principle to open in the consequences},
	journal = {Journal of information, communication and ethics in society},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {42{\textendash}56},
	publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
	author = {Miscione, Gianluca and Johnston, Kevin}
}
@article {kimppa2010freeconsequences,
	title = {Free and Open Source Software in developing contexts: From open in principle to open in the consequences},
	journal = {Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {42{\textendash}56},
	abstract = {Purpose {\textendash} Originating in the USA and Northern Europe, Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) found on the internet its fertile environment. In more recent years, FOSS is becoming an increasingly important element in strategies for development and implementation of information and communication technologies also in developing countries. Mainstream research on FOSS has catered to the underlying principles or freedom, open organizational forms, and on its economical aspects. The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the actual consequences of FOSS, often left in the background. Design/methodology/approach {\textendash} The paper examines where FOSS principles{\textquoteright} assumptions are likely to be more evident: in contexts of developing countries, which are geographically and organizationally far from the original environment of FOSS. A mixed methodology characterizes this work: quantitative and qualitative methods bring readers{\textquoteright} attention to unusual empirical settings and downplayed organizational processes of information technology (IT) implementation and adoption. Findings {\textendash} The consequences of FOSS on IT implementation and actual use are ambivalent. It is argued that FOSS adoption does not happen spontaneously, neither by decree, and that the relevance of open technologies as public goods remains in the different role of local actual technical and organizational capabilities, and environment conditions. Originality/value {\textendash} Such a focus complements existing studies on the economical relevance of FOSS, which are not the focus of this paper. {\textcopyright} 2010, Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
	issn = {1477-996X},
	doi = {10.1108/14779961011024800},
	author = {Kimppa, K and Miscione, G and Johnston, K}
}
@article {IFIP AICT03180209,
	title = {The Uneven Diffusion of Collaborative Technology in a Large Organization},
	volume = {318},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {209{\textendash}224},
	publisher = {Springer},
	isbn = {978-3-642-12112-8},
	author = {Gasparas Jarulaitis},
	editor = {Jan Pries-Heje and Venable, John and Deborah Bunker and Nancy L. Russo and Janice I. DeGross}
}
@booklet {313,
	title = {Aligning Goals, Virtuality and Capability: A Virtual Alignment Model},
	howpublished = {Becoming Virtual},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {11 - 21},
	abstract = {Given the many forms that a virtual organization might take, a critical first step in becoming virtual is to understand the form of virtual organization that is desired or envisaged. Once the desired form is defined, it is necessary to find out how close to, or distant from, that form the organization currently is, and to develop a strategy for moving from the current to the envisioned form. But, a strategy will only work if the organization has the capabilities necessary for transformation.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1958-8_2},
	author = {Jackson, Paul and Klobas, Jane}
}
@booklet {330,
	title = {Envisioning and Monitoring the Process of Becoming Virtual},
	howpublished = {Becoming Virtual},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {23 - 34},
	abstract = {In Chap. 1, we introduced the virtual alignment model and described its three elements: goals, status, and capability, and how they work together. In this chapter, we examine how an organization might establish a vision, identify indicators to monitor status and progress toward the vision, and measure progress and capability.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1958-8_3},
	author = {Jackson, Paul and Klobas, Jane}
}
@booklet {355,
	title = {The Forensics of a Challenged Initiative},
	howpublished = {Becoming Virtual},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {197 - 213},
	abstract = {In this chapter, we analyze Unit 2{\textquoteright}s virtualization initiative, drawing on information gathered throughout the research study and from the perspective of all the points of view that our research team brought together. We begin with the overview of the initiative that we sent to Louise Kjaer at the end of the study. The rest of the chapter describes the method and results of a workshop in which the research team sought to explain the observations described in the overview.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1958-8_13},
	author = {Jackson, Paul and Klobas, Jane and Bernini, Gaela and Jensen, Ivan and Renzi, Stefano}
}
@inbook {miscione2008freeproperties,
	title = {Free and Open Source Software in low-income countries: Emergent properties?},
	volume = {282},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {351{\textendash}355},
	abstract = {Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is becoming an increasingly important element in strategies for development and implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in low-income countries (LICs). Such initiatives often have strong public sector orientation, as government ICT policies are expected to shape and support further socio-economical development. The usual mismatch between bureaucracies and trajectories of development initiatives (mostly run by international agencies) provides a promising field for empirical research. {\textcopyright} 2008 International Federation for Information Processing.},
	isbn = {9780387848211},
	issn = {1571-5736},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-84822-8_24},
	author = {Miscione, G and Gordon, D and Johnston, K}
}
@booklet {338,
	title = {Introduction},
	howpublished = {Becoming Virtual},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {1 - 8},
	abstract = {The past two decades have seen a growing diversity of organizational form as organizations use new technologies to reconfigure work, distributing it more than ever across distant locations, different time zones and even diverse organizations. Companies have been able to place their staff with customers. Production and service work can be moved to low cost countries or people{\textquoteright}s homes, or subcontracted to more qualified firms or individuals. Teams of empowered and motivated specialists can be drawn from around the world, using information and communications technologies (ICT) to communicate and share knowledge. A shirt can be designed in Italy, made in China and sold in Australia. The world is said to be increasingly {\textquotedblleft}virtual{\textquotedblright}, a condition in which organizational solidity is only apparent: the reality is one of high performing, dynamic networks which connect staff, enterprises, processes and expertise, where the drive to produce or compete has displaced the need for permanency and structure.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1958-8_1},
	author = {Klobas, Jane and Jackson, Paul}
}
@booklet {367,
	title = {Tools and Capabilities for Becoming Virtual},
	howpublished = {Becoming Virtual},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {215 - 225},
	abstract = {In this book, we have introduced a framework for conceptualizing the process of virtualization and used it to study knowledge processes and virtualization in a single organization. In this chapter, we consider what we have learned from studying Unit 2 that can be of value to other organizations that are considering becoming virtual. Unit 2 did not achieve its goal of virtualization. But, as is often the case, breakdown reveals more about what is required for success than smooth traveling. The specific aspects of virtualization that the research team studied during the project provide additional insight into the risks of virtualization and the conditions and processes that might be adopted by successful virtualizing and virtual organization. We conclude this research by reviewing the lessons learnt from the individual research projects. We then draw on these, along with the analysis presented in Chap. 12, to summarize lessons for organizations planning to take advantage of network technologies to improve their ability to operate effectively across space, time and structure. Finally, we comment on the potential value for managers and researchers of the virtual alignment model (VAM) and the methods developed to track virtuality and capabilities in the study.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1958-8_14},
	author = {Jackson, Paul and Klobas, Jane}
}
@article {322,
	title = {Conduct, Performance, and Dilemmas of Inter-organizational Virtual Organizing},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {35 - 50},
	abstract = {Firms are increasingly embedded in networks of relationships with other organizations that are of strategic importance. An organization{\textquoteright}s participation in a network may provide access to information, resources, markets, and technologies, or it may lock it in unproductive relationships from which it may be difficult to extricate. Therefore, it is no longer adequate to analyze firms{\textquoteright} conduct and performance by examining firms in isolation from their network partners. Strategy research has investigated inter-organizational alliances for some time. However, the primary focus of this research has been to examine the antecedents of network formation and relatively lesser attention has been paid to the implications of alliances and networks on a firm{\textquoteright}s performance. Since virtual organizations are conceptualized as strategic networks and alliances among organizations, we examined literature on virtual organizations to understand what has been done in inter-organizational context. We found 34 papers out of a total of 117 papers on virtual organization that examined virtual organizing at inter-organizational level. We classified each of the short-listed papers by virtual organizing type (network membership, network structure, tie modality, and time-frame), performance, and dilemmas of virtual organizing. Our analyses showed that inter-organization virtual organizing strategy varied with the goals of virtual organizing. Across the short-listed papers we found a pattern of organizing that depended on whether organizing was for abstract resources (knowledge, skills, competencies, etc.) or for specific goals (outsourcing key components). Virtual organizing for abstract resources tended to exhibit decentralized network structure and collaborative ties with partners, while virtual organizing for specific goals tended to exhibit centralized network structure and opportunistic ties. We found a lack of empirical literature examining the process of inter-organization virtual organizing strategy and its consequences.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-73025-7_5},
	author = {Jha, Sanjeev and Watson-Manheim, Mary}
}
@article {356,
	title = {The IT Artifact and Telecommuting},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {391 - 395},
	abstract = {Research on the concept of telecommuting or telework, as it is known in various areas of the world, has appeared in information systems (IS) and non-IS publications for more than 20 years. Research areas with respect to telecommuting are quite varied, from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) use, to transportation, managerial control, work-life issues, and more. A significant number of these studies have taken into account the role of technology in enabling telecommuting. However, recent awareness of the IT artifact issue [1] has raised concerns for some authors, reviewers, and editors as to when the technology component is significant enough to consider some of the telecommuting research as IS research. Others, meanwhile, believe that by definition telecommuting addresses the IT artifact issue, and that this should not be a concern. In this panel, we explore the question of whether the IT artifact is an issue in IS-related telecommuting research by examining topics from multiple and sometimes competing perspectives.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-73025-7_30},
	author = {B{\'e}langer, France and Watson-Manheim, Mary and Harrington, Susan and Johnson, Nancy and Neufeld, Derrick}
}
@article {700,
	title = {Understanding Meaning and Bridging Divides: The Use of an African Metaphor for the South African Open Source Center},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {279 - 293},
	abstract = {This paper describes a conscious attempt to use metaphor to both promote and reinterpret ideas and values from the global free and open source software movement in the context of South Africa. A case study is given of an initiative launched by
 the South African Council for Industrial and Scientific Research to stimulate awareness and promote the use of free and open
 source software in South Africa and the region. The new Open Source Center made use of an African language metaphor to relate
 the concept of shared intellectual property in software to traditional communal land management. Whereas Western metaphors
 are commonly used in the field of organizational studies and Information Systems to facilitate meaning, the deliberate use
 of an African language metaphor to describe software systems is less common (even in Africa). This paper provides a background
 as to why such a metaphor was chosen as well as some reflection on its effectiveness.
},
	doi = {10.1007/0-387-34588-4_19},
	author = {Byrne, Elaine and Jolliffe, Bob and Mabaso, Nhlanhla}
}
@article {282,
	title = {Community-Based Wireless Initiatives: The Cooperation Challenge},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {363 - 364},
	abstract = {Without Abstract},
	doi = {10.1007/0-387-28918-6_30},
	author = {Shamp, Scott and Gonick, Lev and Jarvenpaa, Sirkka and Middleton, Pouline}
}
@article {287,
	title = {Friend or Foe? The Ambivalent Relationship between Mobile Technology and its Users},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {29 - 42},
	abstract = {This paper reports on an empirical study that examined the total user experience of mobile technology users. We held a total of 33 focus group sessions comprised of 222 active mobile device users in four highly developed countries (Finland, Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States) with high penetration of mobile technology. We are specifically focusing on manifestations of paradoxes with regard to mobile technology. We identify eight major technology paradoxes that play a central role in the mobile technology usage experience: (1) empowerment-enslavement, (2) independence- dependence, (3) fulfills needs-creates needs, (4) competence-incompetence, (5) planning-improvisation, (6) engaging-disengaging, (7)public-private, and (8) illusion-disillusion. Our findings suggest conceptualizing the phenomenon of mobile technology usage experience from a context-based and process-oriented perspective where paradoxes of technology shape user experience and determine coping strategies.},
	doi = {10.1007/0-387-28918-6_5},
	author = {Jarvenpaa, Sirkka and Lang, Karl and Tuunainen, Virpi}
}
@article {290,
	title = {Mobility in the Round: Use of Wireless Laptop PCs in Clinical Ward Rounds},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {93 - 108},
	abstract = {It has been suggested that mobile Information and communication technologies (MICTs) are better suited than traditional desktop devices to support work practices where participants are either moving around or conduct their work in different spatially dispersed settings. One such practice, which might be expected to benefit from MICT support, is the ward rounds conducted by hospital doctors. After a brief description of this practice, data are presented on the usage of laptop PCs in ward rounds in the Medicine Service of a U.S. hospital with a well-established IT infrastructure. Drawing on questionnaires, Interviews, and observational evidence, the paper explores why, 5 years after the laptops were first introduced, a quarter of the clinicians had never used them, and only a quarter took advantage of more than their basic functionality. A number of possible reasons for the failure of doctors to adopt a technology that is seen as offering significant benefits to their work are discussed. In particular, it appeared that the reliability of the technology, differences in senior doctors{\textquoteright} ward round practices, and social inertia contributed to the low level of uptake. Other local factors, such as the architecture of the building and departmental practices regarding laptop usage, also affected doctors{\textquoteright} use. Implications for research on ubiquitous Computing are drawn.},
	doi = {10.1007/0-387-28918-6_9},
	author = {Martins, Henrique and Matthew Jones}
}
@article {304,
	title = {Ubiquitous Computing and the Double Immutability of Remote Diagnostics Technology: An Exploration into Six Cases of Remote Diagnostics Technology Use},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {153 - 167},
	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to display the use a specific type of ubiquitous computing technology{\textemdash}remote diagnostics technology{\textemdash}in organizations and, in particular, the way in which the technology is enacted in remote and local maintenance groups. By taking a case study approach, we look into the use of remote diagnostics technology in the maintenance industry. Drawing from actor{\textemdash}network theory, and in particular the notion of double immutability, we argue that we need to establish a stable relationship that uses remote diagnostics technology for monitoring machine performance from a remote place while also keeping a level of local responsiveness toward machine performance. The stability of the remote diagnostics technology is seemingly effective in that critical data can be collected, diffused, and manipulated. The stability of the network of relations surrounding the technology is, however, yet to emerge. The borders between the central group and the local maintenance workers must be considered and we need to acknowledge that it takes effort to sustain stable networks of relations. We need to establish a new relationship that uses ubiquitous computing technology for monitoring processes and activities from the remote group while also keeping a level of local responsiveness toward machine performance. Taken together, the remote and the local group, along with the remote diagnostics technology, constitute a maintenance work collective.},
	doi = {10.1007/0-387-28918-6_13},
	author = {Jonsson, Katrin and Holmstr{\"o}m, Jonny}
}
@article {236,
	title = {Debatable Advice and Inconsistent Evidence: Methodology in Information Systems Research},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {121 - 142},
	abstract = {The range of legitimate methods in IS research has expanded considerably over the past 20 years, a process to which IFIP Working Group 8.2 is seen to have made an important contribution. This has probably made it even harder, however, for IS researchers to know what constitutes good methodological practice. This paper addresses this issue from two angles: first through a critical analysis of claims made in the IS literature regarding the characteristics of good research; and second through an examination of the use of methodology, as reported in a number of IS research papers. The characteristics of good research considered are that it should follow the scientific method; that it should fulfill certain criteria; that it should be relevant; and that it should employ multiple methods Each of these is shown to have limitations. With respect to methodology in practice, the analysis indicates a remarkable lack of consistency in the reporting of IS research. The implications of these findings are discussed.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8095-6_8},
	author = {Matthew Jones}
}
@article {253,
	title = {Non-Dualism and Information Systems Research},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {675 - 680},
	abstract = {This paper makes a case for the grounding of information systems research within theoretical frameworks that reject the idea of subject-object dualism. In support, two rationales are offered. (1)  Research in information systems exhibits an overwhelming dominance of positivistic research methodologies. Such positivistic research approaches have their roots in the scientific method, and in the attempt to transplant the scientific method from the context of the natural sciences to the context of the social sciences. Further, according to various theorists, the scientific method has its roots in the concept of subject-object dualism put forward by Descartes and others. Thus, this paper argues that IS researchers who wish to resist the current orthodoxy, and who seek to advance a non-positivistic research program, may find it useful to anchor their research within paradigmatic and theoretical frameworks that reject the concept of subject-object dualism. (2)  Research into differences in cognitive processes among distinct cultures suggests that there are differences between Western and Eastern ways of thinking. The Eastern mindset is typically more sympathetic to the notion of subject-object non-dualism than the Western mindset. This difference may have implications for the design of IS that rely heavily on modes of human cognition (e.g., knowledge management or decision support systems). This suggests that when considering certain cultural or cross-cultural contexts, IS researchers may benefit from grounding their assumptions within non-dualistic paradigmatic and theoretical frameworks.},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8095-6_43},
	author = {Jain, Abhijit}
}
@article {539,
	title = {What is it like to do an Information Systems PhD in Europe?  Diversity in the practice of IS research},
	journal = {Communications of the AIS},
	volume = {13},
	number = {21},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {317-335},
	isbn = {1529-3181},
	url = {CAIS2004.pdf},
	author = {Edgar A. Whitley and Sandra Sieber and Cristina C{\'a}liz and Mary L Darking and Chiara Frigerio and Edoardo Jacucci and Anna N{\"o}teberg and Michael Rill}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/ifip8-2/MetcalfeJ03,
	title = {The {\textquoteright}Ear{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteright}Eye{\textquoteright} Digital Divide},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {419-434},
	author = {Mike Metcalfe and Carmen Joham}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/ifip8-2/Johnstone03,
	title = {Knowledge, NGOs and Networks: Applying Epistemology to the Work of Development},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {307-322},
	author = {Justine Johnstone}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/ifip8-2/DavisonJHA03,
	title = {Professional Socieies in Information Systems: A Force for Globalisation or Good?},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {455-459},
	author = {Robert M. Davison and Ernest Jordan and Carol Hsu and Chrisanthi Avgerou}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/ifip8-2/AbbottJ02,
	title = {The Importance of Being Nearest: Nearshore Software Outsourcing and Globalization Discourse},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {375-397},
	author = {Pamela Abbott and Matthew Jones}
}
@proceedings {856,
	title = {Assessing Three Theories of Information Systems Innovation: An Interpretive Case Study of a Funds Management Company},
	year = {2001},
	month = {20-22 June 2001},
	pages = {1005-1019},
	address = {Seoul, Korea},
	author = {Jones, Nick and Michael D. Myers}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/ifip8-2/SorensenWMKHJ01,
	title = {Cultivating Recalcitrance in Information Systems Research},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {297-316},
	author = {Carsten S{\o}rensen and Edgar A. Whitley and Shirin Madon and Dasha Klyachko and Ian Hosein and Justine Johnstone}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/ifip8-2/WynekoopJF01,
	title = {Enterprise Network Design: How Is it Done?},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {87-94},
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